For your convenience we have listed some often used terms and their definitions.
If you are looking for the definition for a word not listed in our glossary please send your word definition question via email to: drpaul@kerkhoffchiropractic.com.
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M |
| N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
Acute. Of short duration and relatively severe.
Acute back pain. Back pain that lasts a short while, usually a few days to several weeks. Episodes lasting longer than three months are not considered acute.
Adjustment.
A specific treatment to the human body designed to improve the integrity of a
joint. In the Chiropractic profession there are over 60 separate and different
ways to give an adjustment. They can be categorized into 1) force, 2) minimum
force and 3) non-force.
A Chiropractic adjustment is performed by
using the hands to gently "adjust" misaligned vertebrae back into
their proper position. Because chiropractors work on a variety of people from
newborns to the elderly, gentleness is always a priority.
A specific directional thrust maneuver
or application of forces applied to a subluxated vertebra that sets the vertebra
into motion with the intent to reduce and/or correct the vertebral misalignment,
thus improving the neurological component of the vertebral subluxation complex
along with vivification of the affected tissues and body functions.
Afferentation. The process of stimulating receptors of a specific type from the peripheral nervous system into the central nervous system.
Anomaly. A marked deviation from the normal standard, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defect (s).
Annulus. The tough outer ring of a
spinal disc.
Arthritis.
An inflammatory condition of the joints that can or cannot be disabling. It can
result in joint disfigurement and restricted joint mobility. Categorized into as
many as 12 types, the most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid.
Doctors have not found a cure for Arthritis; however, new treatment for this disease has greatly improved the quality of life for patients with arthritis. Doctors of Chiropractic will customize a pain management program of physical therapy and spinal adjustments that fits the patient’s needs.
Preventive care is also an important consideration in regards to arthritis.
As the disease develops spinal fusion can occur resulting in greater loss of
mobility and increased pain. Your Doctor of Chiropractic will thoroughly
evaluate your condition in order to design a treatment program that will
hopefully prevent or slow down the process.
If you have arthritis or if you think you do, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic
for evaluation.
Backache. Back pain is one of the most common ailments treated by
Doctors of Chiropractic. Symptoms can be anything from pain to stiffness,
numbness, burning sensations or all of the above. Your Doctor of Chiropractic
will evaluate your condition by thorough examination looking for any
subluxations of the spine. A subluxation is a minor misalignment of the spine
"vertebra" causing an irritation to the nerve with a loss of normal
function by interrupting communication from the brain to any cell tissue or
organ in the body. Subluxations can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic
through spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic
for evaluation.
Bells Palsy.
An affliction of the nerves of the face that can cause excruciating,
piercing pain with accompanying muscles spasms and facial contortions.
"Big Idea." The chiropractic concept that the body heals itself when interference to the proper functioning of the nervous system is removed.
Bone Spur. An extra calcium deposit in response to injury, disease or incorrect motion of position of a joint.
C.A. Abbreviation for "chiropractic assistant."
Cavitation. Pop that occurs in a spinal joint when vertebral surfaces (facets) are separated to create a vacuum that puts out carbon dioxide gas.
Cerebellum - The part of the brain that controls balance, posture and coordination of muscular movements.
Cerebral Cortex - The part of your brain that coordinates all sensory and motor activities. Different areas of it are specifically associated with memory, learning and behavior.
Cervical spine: The upper spinal area, consisting of seven vertebrae, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7.
Cervical vertebrae. There are seven vertebrae in the cervical or neck area of the spine.
Chiropractic. Chiropractic is a health care
discipline, which emphasizes the inherent recuperative powers of the body to
heal itself without the use of drugs or surgery.
The practice of chiropractic focuses on the relationship between structure
(primarily the spine) and function (as coordinated by the nervous system) and
how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health.
Of primary concern to the doctor of chiropractic are abnormalities of structure
or function of the vertebral column known clinically as the vertebral
subluxation complex. The subluxation complex includes any alteration of the
biomechanical and physiological dynamics of contiguous spinal structures, which
can cause neuronal disturbances.
Chiropractic adjustment. This term refers to a
wide variety of specific manual interventions that may be high or low
velocity; short or long lever; high or low amplitude; with or without recoil.
Chiropractic adjustments are directed at specific anatomical regions of the
vertebral spine. The purpose of the Chiropractic adjustment is to correct
vertebral subluxations, which can cause alteration of the biomechanical and
physiological dynamics of contiguous spinal structures and manifest neuronal
disturbances.
Chiropractic Analysis. A chiropractic analysis is performed on a routine basis to determine the patient's need for spinal adjustments. A chiropractic analysis may include (but certainly is not limited to) two or more of the following procedures: instrumentation (skin temperature differential analysis), chiropractic x-ray analysis, spinal static and motion palpation, postural analysis, leg-length comparison tests, muscle strength measures, and other chiropractic analysis procedures.
Chiropractic Practice Objective. The primary professional practice objective of chiropractic is to reduce or correct vertebral subluxations and other malpositioned articulations and structures in a safe and effective manner.
Chronic. Persisting for a long period of time.
Common Headache.
Common headaches are only common because they are so familiar. Still, the
pain can be excruciating, and the common headache can drastically affect your
normal activities of daily living. Doctors of Chiropractic have discovered these
headaches can be due to muscular contractions at the back of the head and neck
due to spinal degeneration of the cervical spine. Through a comprehensive
evaluation of the cervical vertebra we can determine if there is a casual
relationship to your headache. Often the solution to your problem is just a
matter of determining the cause of muscle tightness in your neck. Remember, it
is important to realize that you don't have to suffer with the common headache.
If you suffer from the common headache, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Consultation.
A specific time set aside between the physician and either the patient and/or
family member or interested person for the purpose of discussing the history of
the complaint, the complaint and or proposed treatment recommendations.
Cranial Nerves. 12 pairs of specialized nerves that have their origins within the cranium or brain cavity.
Disc.
A cartilage (cushion/pad) that separates spinal vertebrae, absorbs shock to the
spine, and helps protect the nervous system.
Disc Degeneration.
Drying, thinning of the disc as a result of accelerated wear and tear.
Disease. (Chiropractic Definition)
The absence of health, a condition where the body
has lost its ability to heal itself and is thereby susceptible to growth of
organisms that are present in the body even in healthy situations.
Disease.
The word disease is a combination of dis and ease. Dis is a prefix meaning
apart from." It follows then that dis-ease is nothing more than a lack of
comfort, a loss of harmony in the system. Chiropractors believe that instead of
treating disease with chemicals and invasive procedures, whenever possible,
first treat dis-ease with the reduction or elimination of nerve interference,
thereby giving the patient a chance to recover naturally before resorting to
drugs and surgery.
Dynamic thrust. Chiropractic adjustment delivered suddenly and forcefully to move vertebrae, often resulting in a popping sound.
Electrical Muscle Stimulation.
Physiological therapeutic introduction of electrical stimulation at a
predetermined frequency, intensity and rate for the purpose of achieving a
physiological response.
End Plate.
The cartilage between the bone of the vertebrae and the disc, to serve as
attachment point for the fibers of the disc.
Examination.
A specific time the physician takes to look at the current status of the
patient. Can represent several levels of examination from cursory to complex.
Facet.
The actual joint surface of a spinal bone, facing the adjacent bone above and
below.
Full-spine technique. Method of adjusting or manipulating any of the vertebrae from the neck down.
Gatekeeper. Health care professional designated to exercise responsibly for, and control of, the utilization of health care services, e.g., D.C., M.D., D.O., D.P.M., D.D.S., D.D.M.
Health.
The state of optimal physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity.
Home Therapy.
Activities the patient can do, under the instructions of the chiropractic
physician, to assist in their recovery; includes ice/heat, exercises, diet and
moderation of activities of daily living.
Homeostasis. This is the tendency to maintain, or the maintenance of, normal, internal stability in an organism by coordinated responses of the organ systems that automatically compensate for changes in the organism.
Hypesthesia. An increased sensitivity to nerve stimulation
Immune System.
The system of glands and physiological responses to invasion of foreign
organisms.
Immunity. The status of resistance to invasion of foreign bodies to the host.
Innate Intelligence aka Innate. An inborn intelligence that keeps the body of all living things in repair. The mission of Innate Intelligence is to maintain the material of the body of the living thing in active organization.
Intensive Care.
Frequent treatment designed to get pain or symptom relief as quickly as
possible; does not imply a cure of the underlying cause.
Intervertebral disk. The tough cartilage that serves as a cushion between two vertebrae. Each disk has a gelatinous-like center (nucleus pulposus) that may protrude to form a disk herniation.
Joint fixation. Diminished movement within a joint space.
currently no terms for words beginning with "K".
Let’s
"Check" You. When we say we
are going to "check" you, we are palpating (feeling) your spine for
subluxations. If we find any subluxations, we will facilitate your body in
correcting them, but if we don’t find any subluxations, there is no need to
adjust you because your vertebrae are in their proper position, and not causing
nerve interference.
Ligament. A
band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilages, serving to support and
strengthen joints
Long-lever manipulation. Method of spinal manipulation in which a general technique is used to stretch or loosen several vertebrae at a time.
Lower Back Pain. It
is said eight out of ten of us suffer from some kind of lower back pain.
Research shows that the majority of such pain is caused by a mechanical
misalignment in one or more segments of the lower or lumbar spine. The spinal
column provides protection for the spinal cord. It is made up of segments called
"vertebra", which must be positioned correctly in order to function
properly and have a normal range of motion.
When the lower vertebra is out of alignment, the discs, the spines shock
absorber, can swell or tear causing it to bulge or herniate. This bulging can
pinch the nerve between the vertebra producing pain, numbness, tingling or
burning sensations. This condition can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic
through spinal adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab. Which can correct the
misalignment in the low back region of the spinal cord.
If you are experiencing low back pain, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Lumbar spine. The lower spine area consisting of five vertebrae, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and sometimes the anomaly L6.
Manipulation. A
non-specific manual procedure that involves a general thrust to move a joint.
Mechanoreceptor.
A specialized nerve ending that has been found to influence the neurological
response of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves.
Meric system. Chiropractic system based on the theory that specific spinal joints are associated with specific organs, requiring adjustment of certain vertebrae for certain diseases.
Migraine Headache. Do
you know that 15 million Americans suffer from migraine headaches. There are
many reasons for migraine headaches. Doctors of Chiropractic have discovered one
of the most common reasons is cervical spinal degeneration, a misalignment and
straightening of the neck that puts pressure on the nerves and arteries, causing
them to swell. With less blood and oxygen reaching the brain a headache
develops. By adjusting the cervical vertebra, less pressure is put on the nerves
and arteries allowing blood and oxygen to f low to the brain. Most headaches can
successfully be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through spinal adjustments.
If you are a migraine sufferer, consult a
Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
Misalignment.
A radiographic finding, usually measured in millimeters, that represents one
or more segment of the spine out of alignment with adjacent segments of the
spine.
Mobilization. Method of manipulation, movement, or stretching to increase range of motion in muscles and joints that does not involve a high-velocity thrust.
Motion palpation. Method of locating fixations and loss of mobility in the spine by feeling the motion of specific spinal segments as the patient moves.
Motor.
Neurological term to represent that portion of the nerve or joint responsible
for activity or motion.
MRI.
Magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnostic tool that subjects the patient’s
body to massive doses of magnetism to induce an energy reading that the MRI
computer interprets as images based upon water content and the hydrogen ion,
non-invasive and non-radioactive.
Muscle spasm. (Fibrositis)
Each of us have over 600 voluntary muscles in our bodies that work together to
control even the simplest of movements. Muscles work in conjunction with joints,
such as cartilage, and bones to provide motion. When the spinal vertebra become
misaligned and irritated, it disrupts the nerve muscle relationship and causes a
muscle spasm. These symptoms can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic through
spinal adjustments. Left alone they can become
permanent causing chronic pain. Muscle pain can also be a symptom of a more
serious problem and should be addressed immediately.
If you suffer from muscle spasms, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Musculoskeletal. Referring to structures involving tendons, muscles, ligaments, and joints.
Neck & Head Pain. A
stiff neck can sometimes come from nowhere. Actually the problem could have very
well been developing for quite sometime. The neck consists of seven small bones
collectively know as the cervical spine. They support the 22 bones of the head.
The delicate curvature of these areas must be maintained for normal blood flow
and nerve function. It is this curvature that can change over a period of time
due to many things such as trauma, poor posture, stress or poorly performed
exercises. A Doctor of Chiropractic will examine the cervical vertebra to
determine if the problem relates to the spine or the muscle and the ligaments
around the spine. Subluxations can be treated by a Doctor of Chiropractic
through spinal adjustments.
If you suffer from head and neck pain, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Nerves.
Specialized cells that use chemical reactions to send an impulse from the
outside world to the brain and spinal cord.
Nerve root. One of the two nerve bundles emerging from the spinal cord that join to form a segmental spinal nerve.
Nervous System.
The system of nerves including the brain, the cranial nerves, the spinal cord,
the spinal nerves, and the peripheral nerves; includes the autonomic
(sympathetic and parasympathetic) nerves.
Neurocalometer. The heat-detecting instrument originally developed in 1924 for locating subluxated vertebrae.
Nociceptors.
Specialized nerve receptor (neuron) that is stimulated by injury; a receptor
for pain.
Nucleus, Disc. Spongy gel-like
center of a spinal disc.
Osteoarthritis. A slow degeneration
of the joints that connect your bones and allow you to move. Aging, injury, poor
posture and excess weight can cause joints to wear down and become stiff and
painful.
Pain. Physical
pain is a symptom in the body that something may be wrong, an alarm for the
body. Traditional methods of treatment usually look at ridding the body of
symptoms, but not the cause of the symptoms. This is similar to if your
"check engine light" comes on in your car and you put a piece of tape
over it so you cannot see the warning…the problem does not disappear simply
because you don’t see the warning light. To the contrary, it can get much
worse, and do terrible permanent damage. Likewise with your body, except your
body is not replaceable.
Palpation. Examining the spine with your fingers; the art of feeling with the hand.
Paresthesia.
Abnormal or loss of normal sensation.
Parasympathetic.
Literally means around (para) the sympathetic; refers to the parasympathetic
nervous system, a division of the autonomic nervous system; responsible for the
regulation of body systems.
Pelvic deficiency (P.D.). A condition that proponents of Activator Methods define as an "apparent" difference in leg-length, not an anatomical difference. Also called "functional short leg."
Physical Therapy.
Form of treatment using physical modalities (equipment) to alleviate pain and
suffering.
Pinched Nerves.
Laymen's term for pain perceived to be coming from the back or spine;
physically difficult to "pinch" the nerve.
Plasticity. Tissue that is capable of being formed or shaped. This is a term used to describe developmental changes in the nervous system.
Preventative Care.
Care rendered to existing patient; designed to prevent a condition from
worsening and/or returning; necessary care usually due to a persistent weakness
or permanent impairment.
Primary Contact Health Care Provider. Any health care provider capable of providing first level contact and intake into the health delivery system, (b) any health care provider licensed to receive patient contact in the absence of physician referral.
Proprioceptors.
Sensory nerve terminals which give information concerning movements and
position of the body; they occur chiefly in the muscles, tendons, and the
labyrinth.
Currently no definitions for words beginning with the letter "Q".
Radiograph.
Proper term for an x-ray film after it has been exposed to radiation (x-ray).
Radiolucent.
An object/item/mass that appears on a radiograph that allows the x-ray to pass
through it when in normal circumstances it would not. (e.g., a bone that does
not look as dense as the bones around it.
Radiopaque.
An object/item/mass that appears on a radiograph that does not allow the x-ray
to pass through it when in normal circumstances it would, (e.g. a bone that
looks more dense than the bones around it)
Range of Motion.
The range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which a joint may be moved.
Realign. (Chiropractic Definition) to return subluxated vertebrae to a more near normal
position.
Receptor. A nerve cell that receives specific sensory information in the nervous system.
Sacrum. The triangular shaped bone located just below the Lowest Lumbar vertebrae (L5), formed usually by five fused vertebrae (sacral vertebrae) that are wedged dorsally between the left and right illiums.
Sciatica. An inflammation of the
sciatic nerve, the longest nerve in your body. It runs from your lower spine,
through your buttocks, then into your leg and foot. There are actually two (2)
sciatic nerves, one in each leg. When the sciatic nerve is inflamed, it can
cause numbness, tingling, pain or weakness in your lower back and leg.
Scoliosis. Scoliosis is an abnormal, curvature of the spine. Scoliosis has many causes; some due to injury while others are inherited. One common reason for scoliosis is abnormal development of the vertebra in the spine. The most common form of scoliosis is an abnormal pattern of muscle and ligament growth as a teenager grows in height.
Doctors of Chiropractic are trained to recognize scoliosis or the potential for developing scoliosis. With early detection, chiropractic treatment can correct many cases of scoliosis
If you or your child have been diagnosed or think you may have scoliosis, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation
Scope of Practice.
The legal definition of the activities that a profession can or cannot do.
Sensory.
The "feeling" portion of a nerve; as opposed to motor
Somato-Visceral.
Nerve pathways originating in the spinal cord and communicating with the
internal organs.
Spinal "adjustment." A chiropractic term that most chiropractors use to describe whatever method (s)) they use to correct spinal problems, whether by hand or with an instrument.
Spinal Analysis. The comprehensive process of evaluating the spinal
column and its immediate articulations for vertebral subluxations and
contraindications to any or all chiropractic procedures.
Spinal Nerves. 24 pairs of nerves exiting from the spinal cord at segmental levels of the
spinal column.
Spinous Process.
A posterior protruding part of the spinal bone that can be seen or felt when
examining the spine.
Sports Injury. Some sports injuries are due to
improper stretching while others are accidental injuries during the activity. In
either case it is important to diagnose and treat such injuries quickly to
prevent further aggravation or damage to the specific area. Doctors of
Chiropractic have extensive training in the area of sports medicine and can
diagnose and effectively treat sports related injuries. Spinal adjustments and
physical therapy/ rehab have proven to be very successful in correcting the
injury and getting you back to normal activity faster.
No matter what your recreational activity may be, don't let sports related
injuries or pains go unattended, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Spurs.
A projecting body, as from a bone.
Subluxation. When
a vertebra of the spine looses its proper position and becomes misaligned with
the vertebrae above and below it, thus compromising the nerves, which results in
interference of nerve transmissions from the brain to tissues, organs, and
muscles. Unfortunately, most subluxations have no pain, so generally many people
are not aware of them. Subluxations physically cause your spine to wear
unevenly, which leads to early degeneration and break down of the spine.
Subluxation Complex.
A description used to describe the five parts of a subluxation:
Sustaining
Care. Treatment rendered to
a patient for the purpose of making the patient as functional or active as
possible despite a painful or disabling condition.
Sympathetic. A division of the central nervous system responsible for regulating
the various activities of the human body.
Symptom. A warning signal sent from the tissues, organs and muscles to the brain that damage has occurred, and still may be occurring. Common symptoms are pain, tingling, and numbness, although, many subluxations occur without any noticeable symptoms.
Technique.
One of several treatment methods
Tendon. A fibrous cord by which a muscle is attached.
The Foundation of Chiropractic. The Foundation of Chiropractic
includes philosophy, science, art, knowledge, and clinical experience.
Therapy. The use of modalities, or machines, to augment the adjustment.
May include ultrasound, electrical muscle stimulation, traction, massage,
heat/cold, infrared, laser, and others.
Thermography. A diagnostic procedure that images heat from body surfaces.
Thoracic vertebrae. There are twelve vertebrae in the thoracic or upper-back portion of the spine.
TMJ Dysfunction. TMJ Dysfunction is a problem with the alignment of the jaw. When the junction of the jaw is out of alignment it can create several problems such as headaches, jaw pain, sinus problems, stiffness in the jaw and muscle tension in the face, head, neck and shoulders. If you suffer from these symptoms it may be an indication of TMJ Dysfunction / Spinal Subluxation Syndrome. Through spinal adjustments a Doctor of Chiropractic can treat these symptoms and correct the problem.
If you think you have TMJ Dysfunction, consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for
evaluation.
Torticollis/Tortipelvis. Involuntary spasms of the musculature of the spine, in the neck or low back.
Traction. Either intersegmental or elongation, used to reduce swelling, ease
spasms, or assist in the realignment of vertebral segments.
Treatment. The
goal of chiropractic and chiropractic doctors is to first locate the points of
interference, and then remove them. The body will then be able to rebalance
and heal itself, which it has the natural ability to do anyway…once the
interference has been removed.
Ultrasound. High frequency sound waves, sometimes accompanied with a form of electrical muscle stimulation, administered to areas of pain, spasm or other injury.
Vertebra (plural is Vertebrae). A bone of the spine. There are seven (7) cervical vertebrae, twelve (12) thoracic vertebrae and five (5) lumbar vertebrae, as well as those that make up the sacrum and the coccyx.
Vertebral artery. Arteries, one on each side, that thread through holes in the six upper cervical vertebrae.
Vertigo. Sensation of dizziness and the feeling that oneself or one's surroundings are whirling about.
Viscero-Somato.
Nerve pathways originating in the organs of the body and communicating with
the spinal cord.
Vitalism. The concept that the functions of an organism are due to a "vital principle" or "life force" distinct from the physical forces explainable by the laws of physics and chemistry. Chiropractors refer to that force as "Innate Intelligence."
Vivification. The restoration of life to the body.
Wellness. The
relationships between health, regular physical activity, and physical fitness as
it applies to Chiropractic philosophy.
Whiplash. Whiplash
of the neck is caused by any sudden involuntary forced movement of the head in
any direction, and the resultant rebound of the head or neck in the opposite
direction. Consequently there are injuries to the surrounding and supporting
tissues of the neck and head.
Whiplash may occur without you being aware of it. Because of the degrees in
which it occurs, symptoms may not always appear immediately. What occurs during
the accident is ligaments are stretched beyond their limit for which they were
intended. This will result in muscle spasms, alteration of the normal curve of
the neck and spine and the resultant limitation of movement. An experienced
Doctor of Chiropractic can diagnose and correct these problems with spinal
adjustments and physical therapy/ rehab. to the effected area.
If you were involved in an accident or suffer from trauma to the head or neck,
consult a Doctor of Chiropractic for evaluation.
"Working Muscles". Under five layers of muscles, there are over 240 individual muscles attached to the vertebrae of your spine. Chiropractors feel through the five layers of muscle and see if any of the muscles are pulling unequally on the vertebrae. "Working muscles" are similar to rubber bands. When the muscles are trying to pull the vertebrae into proper position, they elongate and become very taut and fiber–like feeling. Chiropractors use these muscles as a road map to find subluxations. Chiropractors then use this information to perform the adjustment; adjusting the vertebrae in the same direction that the muscles are pulling.
X-rays. Ionizing radiation, used by chiropractors to view primarily the spinal column in an effort to assist in the location and identification of subluxations.
Currently no definitions for words that start with the letter "Y".
Currently no definitions for words that start with the letter "Z"